Dimas Maulana

When you need to modify file permissions recursively in a directory, you can use the chmod command along with the find command in Linux. Here are some commonly used commands to give different permissions to directories and files:

Recursively Give Directories Read & Execute Privileges

To recursively give directories read and execute privileges (755), you can use the following command:

Servers are not immune to security threats, especially when it comes to SSH (Secure Shell) access. Brute force attacks can compromise your server’s security. Fail2Ban is a tool that automatically defends your virtual private server (VPS) by monitoring log files and responding to malicious behavior. In this guide, we’ll walk you through setting up Fail2Ban on Ubuntu 12.04 to protect your SSH access.

Step 1: Install Fail2Ban

First, you need to install Fail2Ban using apt-get:

It’s essential to exercise caution when terminating user sessions or SSH sessions, as abruptly killing processes can lead to data loss or corruption. However, if you need to forcefully terminate a user’s session and their associated SSH session, you can follow the steps you’ve outlined. Below is a more detailed explanation of the commands you’ve mentioned:

1. Terminate the User’s Sessions:

To terminate a specific user’s sessions, you can use the pkill command followed by the -u option with the username.

Author: NIXCRAFT
Published Date: October 16, 2006
Last Updated: October 16, 2006
Category: HOWTO, TIPS, TROUBLESHOOTING

If you’ve experienced your OpenSSH server connection dropping out after a few minutes or a specific period of inactivity, don’t worry; it’s not a bug but rather a security feature. This behavior is usually due to a packet filter or NAT (Network Address Translation) device timing out your TCP connection as a security measure. This issue typically occurs when using SSH protocol version 2.

Securing your OwnCloud server is crucial to protect your data from potential threats. In this guide, we will focus on two key aspects: automatically installing security updates and preventing brute-force password hacking attempts.

Automatically Install Security Updates

No software package is flawless, and security vulnerabilities may exist in your server’s software stack, from the Linux kernel to the SSL library. However, many of these vulnerabilities have patches available, and the primary reason they get exploited is due to delayed or neglected security updates.

File permissions in Ubuntu and other Unix-like operating systems are crucial for controlling access to files and directories. They determine who can read, write, or execute a file or directory. You can use the ls command with the -l option to display detailed information about file permissions. Here’s what each part of the output means:

ls -l /path/to/file
-rwxr-xr-x 1 10490 floppy 17242 May  8  2013 acroread

1. The first character - represents the type of object it is. Here, it’s a regular file. Other possible values include:
   • d: Directory
   • c: Character device
   • l: Symbolic link
   • p: Named pipe (FIFO)
   • s: Socket
   • b: Block device
   • D: Door (door file)
   • -: Regular file

The next three characters rwx represent permissions for the owner of the file. Specifically: